Iindaba

Ukukhethwa kwonyango oluphezulu yingxaki ejongene nayo wonke umyili. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeendlela zokwenza unyango olukhoyo, kwaye umyili wezinga eliphezulu akufanele acinge kuphela uqoqosho kunye nokusebenza koyilo, kodwa uhlawule ingqalelo kwinkqubo yendibano kunye neemfuno zokusingqongileyo. Apha ngezantsi kukho intshayelelo emfutshane kwezinye izinto zokuqhobosha ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ezisekelwe kule migaqo ingasentla, ukuze zisetyenziswe ngabasebenzi be-fastener.

1. Electrogalvanizing

I-Zinc yeyona nto isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-fasteners yorhwebo. Ixabiso liphantsi, kwaye inkangeleko ilungile. Imibala eqhelekileyo ibandakanya umnyama kunye nohlaza lomkhosi. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kwayo kwe-anti-corrosion yi-avareji, kwaye ukusebenza kwayo kwe-anti-corrosion yeyona iphantsi phakathi kwe-zinc plating (i-coating) iileya. Ngokuqhelekileyo, uvavanyo lokutshiza ityuwa olungathathi hlangothi lwentsimbi ye-galvanized lwenziwa kwiiyure ezingama-72, kwaye ii-agent ezikhethekileyo zokutywina nazo zisetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba uvavanyo lokutshiza ityuwa olungathathi hlangothi luhlala ngaphezu kweeyure ezingama-200. Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso liyabiza, eli-5-8 ngamaxesha ensimbi eqhelekileyo ye-galvanized.

Inkqubo ye-electrogalvanizing ixhomekeke kwi-hydrogen embrittlement, ngoko ke iibholiti ezingaphezulu kwebanga le-10.9 aziphathwanga nge-galvanizing. Nangona i-hydrogen inokususwa kusetyenziswa i-oveni emva kokucwenga, ifilim ye-passivation iya konakaliswa kumaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwe-60 ℃, ngoko ke ukususwa kwe-hydrogen kufuneka kuqhutywe emva kokufakwa kwe-electroplating naphambi kokudlula. Oku kusebenza kakubi kunye neendleko eziphezulu zokulungisa. Enyanisweni, izityalo zokuvelisa ngokubanzi aziyisusi i-hydrogen ngaphandle kokuba zigunyaziswe ngabathengi abathile.

Ukungaguquguquki phakathi kwetorque kunye namandla okuqina kwangaphambili kwezibophelelo zegalvanized akulunganga kwaye akuzinzanga, kwaye azisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukudibanisa iindawo ezibalulekileyo. Ukuze kuphuculwe ukungaguquguquki kokulayishwa kwangaphambili kwetorque, indlela yokugquma izinto zokuthambisa emva kokutyabeka ingasetyenziselwa ukuphucula kunye nokuphucula ukuhambelana kokulayishwa kwangaphambili kwetorque.

2. I-Phosphating

Umgaqo osisiseko kukuba i-phosphating inexabiso eliphantsi kune-galvanizing, kodwa ukuxhathisa kwayo ku-corrosion kubi kunokwenza igalvanizing. Emva kwe-phosphating, ioli kufuneka isetyenziswe, kwaye ukuchasana kwayo kwe-corrosion kuhambelana ngokusondeleyo nokusebenza kweoli esetyenzisiweyo. Ngokomzekelo, emva kwe-phosphating, ukusebenzisa i-oyile ye-anti rust jikelele kunye nokuqhuba uvavanyo lokutshiza ityuwa olungathathi hlangothi kwiiyure ze-10-20 kuphela. Ukusebenzisa i-oyile ye-anti rust ephezulu kunokuthatha ukuya kwiiyure ezingama-72-96. Kodwa ixabiso layo li-2-3 ngamaxesha e-oyile ye-phosphating jikelele.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswayo ze-phosphating kwizibophelelo, i-zinc esekelwe kwi-phosphating kunye ne-manganese esekelwe kwi-phosphating. I-Zinc esekwe kwi-phosphating inokusebenza okungcono kokuthambisa kune-manganese esekwe kwi-phosphating, kwaye i-manganese esekwe kwi-phosphating inokumelana nokugqwala okungcono kunye nokunganyangeki kokunxiba kune-zinc plating. Ingasetyenziswa kumaqondo obushushu ukusuka 225 ukuya 400 degrees Fahrenheit (107-204 ℃). Ngokukodwa ukudibanisa amanye amacandelo abalulekileyo. Njengokudibanisa i-bolts ye-rod kunye namantongomane e-injini, intloko yesilinda, ukuthwala okuphambili, i-flywheel bolts, i-wheel bolts kunye namantongomane, njl.

Iibholiti zamandla aphezulu zisebenzisa i-phosphating, enokuthi ithintele imiba ye-hydrogen embrittlement. Ke ngoko, iibholithi ezingaphezulu kwebanga le-10.9 kwindawo yoshishino zihlala zisebenzisa unyango lomphezulu we-phosphating.

3. I-oxidation (ibamnyama)

Ukwenza i-Blackening+oiling yingubo ethandwayo yeziqhoboshi zemizi-mveliso kuba yeyona inexabiso eliphantsi kwaye ibonakala ilungile phambi kokuba kusetyenziswe amafutha. Ngenxa yokuba mnyama, phantse akukho mandla okuthintela umhlwa, ngoko iya kugqwala ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kweoli. Nangona kukho ioli, uvavanyo lokutshiza ityuwa lunokuhlala kuphela kwiiyure ezingama-3-5.

4. Ukwahlulahlula i-Electroplating

I-Cadmium plating inokumelana nokugqwesa okugqwesileyo, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezisingqongileyo zaselwandle, xa kuthelekiswa nolunye unyango olungaphezulu. Iindleko zokucoca ulwelo lwenkunkuma kwinkqubo ye-electroplating cadmium iphezulu, kwaye ixabiso layo limalunga nama-15-20 amaxesha e-electroplating zinc. Ngoko ke ayisetyenziswa kumashishini ngokubanzi, kuphela kwiindawo ezithile. Iifasteners ezisetyenziselwa amaqonga okomba ioli kunye neenqwelomoya ze-HNA.

5. Ukufakwa kweChromium

Ingubo yechromium izinzile kakhulu emoyeni, akukho lula ukutshintsha umbala kunye nokulahlekelwa ukukhanya, kwaye inobunzima obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokunxiba kakuhle. Ukusetyenziswa kokufakwa kwechromium kwizibophelelo ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziselwa iinjongo zokuhombisa. Ayifane isetyenziswe kumasimi amashishini aneemfuno zokuxhathisa umhlwa, njengoko iziqhoboshi ezilungileyo ezifakwe nge-chrome zibiza ngokulinganayo njengentsimbi engenasici. Kuphela xa amandla ensimbi engenastainless enganelanga, i-chrome plated fasteners isetyenziswa endaweni yoko.

Ukuthintela ukubola, ubhedu kunye ne-nickel kufuneka zifakwe kuqala ngaphambi kokufakwa kwe-chrome. Ukwaleka kwechromium kunokumelana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu 1200 degrees Fahrenheit (650 ℃). Kodwa kukho ingxaki ye-hydrogen embrittlement, efana ne-electrogalvanizing.

6. Ukufakwa kwe-nickel

Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezifuna zombini i-anti-corrosion kunye ne-conductivity entle. Umzekelo, iitheminali eziphumayo zeebhetri zemoto.

7. I-galvanizing ye-Hot-dip

I-Hot dip galvanizing yi-thermal diffusion coating ye-zinc efudunyezwe kulwelo. Ubunzima bokugquma buphakathi kwe-15 kunye ne-100 μ m. Kwaye akukho lula ukuyilawula, kodwa inokumelana ne-corrosion elungileyo kwaye ihlala isetyenziswa kubunjineli. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokudibanisa idiphu eshushu, kukho ungcoliseko olukhulu, kubandakanywa inkunkuma ye-zinc kunye nomphunga we-zinc.

Ngenxa yokugquma okutyebileyo, kubangele ubunzima kwi-screwing kwimisonto yangaphakathi nangaphandle kwi-fasteners. Ngenxa yobushushu bokusebenza kwegalvanizing yediphu eshushu, ayinakusetyenziselwa iziqhoboshi ezingaphezulu kwebakala 10.9 (340~500 ℃).

8. Ukungena kweZinc

Ukungeniswa kwe-zinc yinto eqinileyo ye-metallurgical thermal diffusion coating of zinc powder. Ukufana kwayo kukuhle, kwaye umaleko ofanayo unokufumaneka kwimicu yomibini kunye nemingxuma eyimfama. Ubukhulu bePlating yi-10-110 μ m. Kwaye impazamo inokulawulwa kwi-10%. Amandla ayo okudibanisa kunye nokusebenza kwe-anti-corrosion kunye ne-substrate iyona nto ibhetele kwiingubo ze-zinc (ezifana ne-electrogalvanizing, i-hot-dip galvanizing, kunye ne-Dacromet). Inkqubo yayo ayingcoliseki kwaye yeyona ihambelana nokusingqongileyo.

9. IDacromet

Akukho mcimbi we-hydrogen embrittlement, kwaye ukusebenza kwe-torque preload ukuhambelana kuhle kakhulu. Ngaphandle kokuqwalasela i-chromium kunye nemiba yokusingqongileyo, i-Dacromet ngokwenene iyona nto ifanelekileyo kwi-fasteners ephezulu kunye neemfuno eziphezulu zokulwa nokubola.